My Netwok Dictionary

A broadcast is a data packet that is destined for multiple hosts. Broadcasts can occur at the data link layer and the network layer. Data-link broadcasts are sent to all hosts attached to a particular physical network. Network layer broadcasts are sent to all hosts attached to a particular logical network. The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) supports the following types of broadcast packets:
Read the rest of this entry »

This case study addresses the issue of integrating Routing Information Protocol (RIP) networks with Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) networks. Most OSPF networks also use RIP to communicate with hosts or to communicate with portions of the internetwork that do not use OSPF. Cisco supports both the RIP and OSPF protocols and provides a way to exchange routing information between RIP and OSPF networks. This case study provides examples of how to complete the following phases in redistributing Read the rest of this entry »

The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a dynamic routing protocol used in local and wide area networks. As such it is classified as an interior gateway protocol (IGP) using the distance-vector routing algorithm. It was first defined in RFC 1058 (1988). The protocol has since been extended several times, resulting in RIP Version 2 (RFC 2453). The original version is now known as RIP. Both versions are still in use today, however, they are considered technically obsoleted by more advanced techniques, such as Read the rest of this entry »

Today there are three different versions: RIPv1, RIPv2, and RIPng.

RIPv1: Version 1 RIP routing protocol is “classy”, i.e., does not support subnetting, VLSM or CIDR, has no authentication mechanisms and does not perform updates triggered by events. All these limitations led to the passage of time and changing needs fall into disuse.

RIPv2: Version 2 of RIP routing protocol is “classless”, supports subnetting, VLSM, CIDR, short routes, has mechanisms plain text authentication or MD5 encryption, performs updates triggered by events.

RIPng: version ng of RIP routing protocol is RIP for IPv6 deployments. If you are interested can read the specifications here. Read the rest of this entry »

Developed by the ITU in the seventies, X.25 provides connections between DTE devices (such as a router) and DCE devices (such as a CSU / DSU) in public data networks. It offers a maximum bandwidth of 64Kbps, and has been replaced by Frame Relay. X.25 uses the telephone routing scheme X.121 standard, also known as International Data Numbers, which can range up to 14 digits. This number identifies the local X.121 address for the serial interface and should be configured on the router has been enabled to X.25, in order to set up virtual circuits (each virtual circuit is identified by the X.121 address.) Lastly, we know that depending on the type of X.25 switch that is connected to the router, you may need to also determine the size of the input and output packets (default 128) and size and out of frame (defaults to 2 packets). Read the rest of this entry »

With a small freeware utility TCPView can the current network connections and open ports represent simple. TCPView runs under Windows and was written by Mark Russinovich (Sysinternals).

TCPView use
TCPView can be downloaded from the website Sysinternals. After unpacking the ZIP archive, the program can be started immediately. No installation is required. TCPView shows current use TCP and UDP endports of your system. At each port will use the associated message.

New session will be stored temporarily green, degraded compounds are shown in red briefly. In the last column shows the status of the connection TCPView (Listening, Established in). About the menus can be changed some settings from TCPView. Read the rest of this entry »

International standard for cell relay in which multiple service types (such as voice, video and data) are transmitted in fixed length cells (53 bytes). Offering a bandwidth of up to 622Mbps, theoretically up to 2.4 Gbps. The processing takes place in hardware, in order to reduce the delay in transit it. ATM is designed to take advantage of streaming media and high-speed E3/T3, and synchronous optical network (SONET). UTI ATM based broadband ISDN (BISDN). A coalition of companies formed the ATM Forum, which has created various specifications for ATM interoperability between devices from various manufacturers. Another feature of ATM is that it supports Guarantees Quality of Service (QoS).

The Cisco ATM interfaces are dedicated processor interface (or port adapters in a VIP card), which explains why it is not necessary to use the encapsulation command for your configuration. ATM virtual circuits offers connection-oriented, both permanent type (PVC) and dynamic (SVC), and also has an offline service that lets you operate like a LAN technology. Read the rest of this entry »