This article describes the Rapid Spanning-Tree Protocol.
PPP uses a layered architecture. The layered architecture is a model, logical design or plan that helps communication between interconnected layers. The model for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) layered architecture is used in networking. PPP provides a method for encapsulating multi-protocol datagrams on a link from point to point and uses the data link layer to test this connection. Therefore, PPP is composed of two sub-protocols:
You can configure PPP on the following types of physical interfaces:
PPP uses the Link Control Protocol (LCP) to negotiate and configure the link control data from the WAN. PPP uses the component of the Network Control Protocol (NCP) to encapsulate and negotiate options for different network layer protocols. The PCL is located at the top of the physical layer and is used to set up, configure and test the data link connection. Read the rest of this entry »
For the NMS communicates with network devices, its must enable and configure your SNMP community strings. These devices are configured using the commands described in the paragraphs below.
It allows more than one read-only string. In most systems this community string is public by default. Not recommend using the default on corporate networks. To set the community string read-only be used by the agent, use the following command:
Router (config) # snmp-server community string ro
The bandwidth is a measure of the amount of information that can traverse the network in a given period of time. Therefore, the amount of available bandwidth is critical for the specification of the network.
A typical LAN could be built to provide 100 Mbps to each individual workstation, but this does not mean that each user can actually move one hundred megabits of data over the network per second of use. This could only happen under the most ideal circumstances. The concept of transfer rates will help us to understand the motive.
The transfer rate refers to the actual measured bandwidth, at a given time of day, using specific Internet routes, and to transmit a specific set of data. Unfortunately, for various reasons, the transfer rate is often much smaller than the bandwidth of possible digital medium. Read the rest of this entry »
A virtual private network (VPN) is a setting that combines the use of two types of technologies:
Once you have configured NAT, you can use clear and show commands to verify it is operating properly. By default, dynamic address translations are deleted from the NAT translation table after spending a certain time limit of inactivity. If port translation is configured, translation entries are deleted after 24 hours, unless the timers are reset using the ip nat translation timeouttimeout_seconds command in global configuration mode.
The translation information can be displayed by carrying out one of the operations described in EXEC mode. Another alternative is to use the show run command and search for NAT commands, access list, interface, or in conjunction with the required values.
Troubleshooting the configuration of NAT and PAT:
When IP connectivity problems exist in a NAT environment, it is often difficult to determine the cause of the problem. It is often wrongly blamed NAT, when in fact there is an underlying problem. Read the rest of this entry »
A gateway is a device or element belonging to the network is configured to provide the PC that make up the network to go abroad, usually performing operations for this IP address translation (NAT: Network Address Translation).
This address translation capability allows you to apply a technique called IP masquerading, used very often to give Internet access to computers on a local area network sharing a single Internet connection, and therefore a single external IP address or arguably a public address. Read the rest of this entry »
Frame Relay technology is a standard Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Frame Relay is a WAN service packet switching, connection-oriented. Opera in the data link layer of the OSI reference model.
Frame Relay uses a subset of High Level Data Link Control (HDLC) Protocol called Link Access Procedure for Frame Relay (LAPF). Frames carry data between user devices called data terminal equipment (DTE) and data communications equipment (DCE) on the border of the WAN. Read the rest of this entry »
If using a PLIP link to connect two machines, things are a little different from that seen in an Ethernet. PLIP If a link is known as point-to-point, which means that only one machine at each end of the link. A network like Ethernet is called broadcast networks. The configuration of point to point links is different because unlike broadcast networks, the links are point to point network themselves.
PLIP provides very cheap and portable connection between computers. As an example, consider a laptop from an employee at the Virtual Brewery that is connected to vlager via PLIP. The laptop is called vlite and has only one parallel port. During startup, this port will be registered as plipl. To activate the link, you have to configure the interface using the following commands: Read the rest of this entry »
The isdn switch-type command can be executed in global configuration mode or interface configuration mode to specify the provider ISDN switch.
The configuration command of isdn switch-type in the global configuration mode defines the same type of ISDN switch for all ISDN interfaces. After running the global configuration command, each interface can be configured individually to reflect a different type of switch.
Once installed the ISDN service, the service provider will send information on the switch type and SPID. SPID are used to define the services available to each individual subscriber ISDN service. Depending on the switch, you may have to add these SPID to the configuration. The National ISDN-1 switches and DMS-100 ISDN configuration requires SPID, but not the AT & T 5ESS switch. You must specify the SPID when using Adtran ISDN simulator. Read the rest of this entry »
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